Results The frequencies in question (6,500 KHz; 11,178 KHz; 13,250 KHz; 22,545 KHz; and 250 MHz) have been checked fol lowing the procedure described in the previous section (ITC Jo urnal Nº 41). The results obtained for each frequency are shown n ext. 6,500 KHz In Table 4 we can see that 6,500 KHz is located in the bandwidth that spans 6,200 KHz to 6,525 KHz, this is aimed at maritime mobile service in the three world regions allocated by the RR. We will focus on the national allocation where in the three regions it covers the same service, maritime mobile. In accord ance with what has been said in the procedure, the next step is to take into account the observations, in this specific case, the follow ing: - S5.109: Frequencies 2,187.5 KHz, 4,207.5 KHz, 6,3 12 KHz, 8,414.5 KHz, 12,577 KHz and 16,804.5 KHz are intern ational distress frequencies for selective digital calls. T he terms of use for these frequencies are described in article S31. - S5.110: Frequencies at 2,174.5 KHz, 4,177.5 KHz, 6,268 KHz, 8,376.5 KHz, 12,520 KHz and 16,695 KHz are internat ional help frequencies for narrowband direct printing telegrap hy. The terms of use for these frequencies are described at article S31. - S5.130: The terms of use of carrier frequencies of 4,125 KHz and 6,215 KHz. - S5.132: Frequencies 4,210 KHz, 6,314 KHz, 8,416. 5 KHz, 12,579 KHz, 16,806.5 KHz, 19,680.5 KHz, 22,376 KHz and 26,100.5 KHz are international frequencies for the transmission of information relative to maritime safety (MSI). 29ITC JOURNAL The Forbidden Emission –Part 2*

ITC JOURNAL30 Table 4

ITC JOURNAL 31 Table 4 continued

ITC JOURNAL32 Table 5

CUADERNOS DE TCI 33 Table 5 continued

- S5.137: Exceptionally, and on condition that it will not cause interference harmful to the maritime mobile service , bands 6,200- 6,213.5 KHz and 6,220.5-6,525 KHz could be used by fixed service stations communicating only within national frontie rs and whose mean power does not exceed the value of 50W. When t he frequencies notification is issued, the Office will be informed of these dispositions. - UN 0: Those bands affected by this note or part of them there- of are aimed at preferential or exclusive use by th e Government in the indicated services, according to the content of the National Frequency Agreement (ANAF). From the observations presented in Table 4 for the bandwidth that we are concerned with, we must highlight S5.13 7 of Article S5 of the RR. Therein it is specified that the bandwi dth of 6,220.5 - 6,525 KHz where our frequency is located, will be a llowed the use by fixed service stations communicating solely insi de national borders and whose mean power does not exceed the va lue of 50W. Finally, for this frequency we only need to check t he use given to the bandwidth under consideration in Table 4; we ca n see that it is codified as M. If we look up the meaning of M in Ta ble 2 (opposite), we see that code M involves codes R and P, so it is used by the State for Government and Public Agencies. This is the ca se of the bandwidth (6,220.5-6,525 KHz) which we are int erested in; if we follow observation S5.137 the author of this report understands that exclusive use applies to the remaining frequencies found in the band under study. 11,178 KHz In Table 5 we confirm that this frequency is locate d in the bandwidth 11,175-11,275 KHz, which is assigned to t he aeronautical mobile service (OR) in the three world regions allo cated by the RR. Table 3 (see Journal n o41) shows that the service is reserved to guarantee communications, including those relating to flight coordination, mainly out of the national and intern ational routes for civilian aviation. As in the previous case we will focus only on the ITC JOURNAL34

national allocation, which is the same as the inter national one. Next we check the observations for this bandwidth, which are shown next: - UN 0: Bands affected by this note or part of the m are aimed at preferential or exclusive use by the State for the indicated services, according to the content of the National Frequency Agreement (ANAF). Finally, we focus on the use at a national level, w hich is coded by the symbol Rx which, according to Table 2, means th at its use is reserved for the State. 13,250KHz If we examine the last two sections on the left of Table 5 we can confirm that the frequency that we are looking for is in the bandwidth 13,200-13,260 KHz which is assigned to ae ronautical mobile service (OR). As we saw in Table 3, the serv ice is reserved for assuring [aircraft] communications, including t hose related to flight coordination, mainly outside the national an d international routes for civil aviation. There is no national allocation for this bandwidth, there are no remarks, nor uses, therefore it is understood that this bandwidth is assigned to a single service at an international le vel. CUADERNOS DE TCI 35 Table 2

ITC JOURNAL36 Table 6

CUADERNOS DE TCI 37 Table 6 continued

22,545 KHz In Table 6 we can confirm that the frequency that w e are looking for is located in the bandwidth 22,000-22,855 KHz w hich is assigned to the maritime mobile service in the three world r egions allocated by the RR. This service is assigned to mobile servi ce between coastal stations and boat stations, between boat stations, or between associated onboard communication stations; we can a lso consider included in this service the boat stations or distr ess devices and wreck location radiobeacon stations. In the same wa y as we have been doing until now, we will consider only the nat ional allocation assigned to that same service as used international ly. Inside the national allocation we focus on the rema rks indicated for this bandwidth next. - S5.132: Frequencies 4,210 KHz, 6,314 KHz, 8,416 .5 KHz, 12,579 KHz, 16,806.5 KHz, 19,680.5 KHz, 22,376 KHz y 26,100.5 KHz are the international frequencies for informati on transmission regarding the maritime safety (MSI) (see appendix S 17). - UN 0: The bands or parts thereof affected by thi s note are assigned to preferential or exclusive use by the St ate on the services indicated, according to the content of the National Agreement on Frequencies (ANAF). Finally it remains for us to consider the use that is given to this band. This comes with the code M, which according t o Table 2 refers to codes R and P; the first is assigned to t he use by the state for Government and Public Agencies and the second t o private – ‘exclusive use’. 250 MHz We can locate this frequency on Table 7 in the band width 235- 267 MHz which is assigned to the fixed-mobile servi ce in the three world regions by the RR. As in previous cases we wi ll focus only on the national allocation used for that same service as used internationally. And here we examine the remarks: ITC JOURNAL38

- S5.111: Carrier frequencies 2,182 KHz, 3,023 K Hz, 5,680 KHz, and 8,364 KHz and frequencies 121.5 MHz, 156.8 MHz, and 243 MHz can also be used in accordance with in-forc e procedures for terrestrial radiocommunication services, in sea rching operations and rescue of manned space vehicles. The requirements for the use of these frequencies a re set in article S31. and appendix S13. The 10,003 KHz, 14,9 93 KHz and 19,993 KHz frequencies can also be used, although i n this case the emissions must be limited to a bandwidth of 3 KHz a round said frequencies. - S5.199: Bands 121.45-121.55 MHz and 242.95-243.0 5 MHz are also assigned to the satellite mobile service f or the reception aboard satellites of the emissions from wreck locat ion radiobeacons transmitting on 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz (see Appendix S13). - S5.254: Bands 235-322 MHz and 335.4-399.9 MHz ca n be used by the satellite mobile service, provided a pe rmit has been granted (S9.21), and on condition that the stations used for this service do not produce harmful interference for tho se of other services that are or will be operated in accordance with the present Chart. - S5.256: The frequency of 243 MHz will be used in this band by boat stations or rescue devices, as well as by t he teams assigned to rescue operations (see Appendix S13). - UN 28: The frequency band of 235-399.9 MHz is as signed to exclusive use by the State, as it appears in the AN AF, with the exception of frequencies sub-bands 380-385 MHz and 390-395 MHz which are assigned to security networks for Sta te law enforcement bodies and emergency networks throughou t the national territory. To finish the study of this frequency we check the use given to the bandwidth this frequency is located in, which, as c an be seen in Table 7, is coded as Rx that, according to Table 2, means it is for use by the State. CUADERNOS DE TCI 39

ITC JOURNAL40 Table 7

CUADERNOS DE TCI 41 Table 7 continued

Conclusions This report arises from my personal interest in Dr. Anabela Cardoso’s case, as due to my ignorance of the subje ct I had the rather naive idea that everything could be either a fraud or a misunderstanding. When I thought of the phenomenon, my initial, confu sed idea was that the voices received by Dr. Anabela Cardoso originated from the emissions of ham operators. This possibility va nished rapidly when I verified that ham operators have a limited b and-width that does not comprise any of the frequencies [described in the text]. Furthermore, there was another doubt – how could th e voices hear the questions put by Dr. Anabela Cardoso, and reply to her questions, when she has no radio transmitter? My fraud hypothesis was based upon the reasoning th at there was the possibility that there could be somebody in one of the rooms of the house who could hear the questions put by Dr. A nabela and transmit the replies to her questions through a rad io transmitter. This reasoning collapsed quickly when I verified th e frequencies that her radios were tuned to, since the use of the latt er was forbidden by law to ham operators’ radio emissions. Therefore, i t seemed really odd that the institution in charge of the control o f the radio-electric spectrum would issue somebody with an emission lice nce in a frequency reserved for State use, to commit a fraud . Besides all this data there is still one more eleme nt that breaks the logic of the communication as we understand it. The first thing we study in a discipline related to communication i s that in such a process there has to be an emitter, who is the pers on wanting to transmit the message, and a receiver, who is the pe rson in charge of receiving it. In the case of radio communications t he emission is realized in such a way that the emitter transmits i n a frequency to which everybody who tunes to the emission frequency can listen. Can you imagine that in your homes the radio announ cer will reply to your questions? When the radio communication is produced as radio-l istening the communication only acquires sense if the emitte r sends the ITC JOURNAL42

message and the receiver receives it. It is totally impossible for the emitter to reply to questions put by the receiver s ince the receiver is technically incapable of transmitting. But this is not my only reason that makes of the direct voices an extraordinary ca se. Furthermore, the voices jump from one into another frequency wit hin the values cited in Table 1 while they emit the message. This is the same as if a person listening to a radio transmission would he ar a sentence of the radio announcer in a certain frequency and woul d have to tune into a different frequency to hear the next sentenc e of the same announcer. All the above reasons make of this event an extraor dinary case from the technical point of view, and they discount the possibility of fraud or misunderstanding. If we add the content of the messages to what has been said we can also reject the human ori gin of the transmissions unless somebody is able to prove to t he contrary. * Translated from Spanish by Yanis Arencibia Espera nza (continued from ITC Journal No 41) CUADERNOS DE TCI 43