INSTRUMENTAL TRANSCOMMUNICATION PHENOMENA: A FORM OF COMMUNICATION FOR MODERN TIMES

ANABELA CARDOSO

INSTRUMENTAL TRANSCOMMUNICATION (ITC) is an area of psychical research that has captured the attention of many thousands of people all over the world, particularly in the last couple of decades. Yet, surprisingly, many people have still not heard of it. The term itself―Instrumental Transcommunication—will be puzzling to many. It can literally be understood as ‘communication beyond’, or ‘further beyond’, with the word ‘instrumental’ referring to the involvement of electronic devices. ITC is therefore an electronically mediated form of communication with something (apparently the next dimension of existence) beyond our known reality. The term was coined by Professor Ernst Senkowski (1995), a retired Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Bingen in Mainz, Germany, and one of the most eminent figures in the international field of ITC research. Prof. Senkowski’s book Instrumentelle Transkommunikation is the standard and best researched text on the subject currently available, containing an extensive range of precise and detailed information covering almost 50 years of the subject’s growth and development since the pioneering work of the outstanding Swedish artist and documentary film-maker Friedrich Jürgenson. Friedrich Jürgenson and Dr Konstantin Raudive reported receiving extraordinary voices recorded on magnetic tapes in the 1960s (Jürgenson 1964, 1967, 1968; Raudive, 1968, 1971) and by the 1980s an astounding number of ITC contacts were being reported by researchers throughout Europe (Brune 2005, 2006; Senkowski 1995). Contacts involving not only audio tape recorders and radios, but virtually all the currently available electronic media devices, followed, and an impressive array of evidence built up. It was at this point that Prof. Ernst Senkowski decided that the terms EVP (Electronic Voice Phenomena) and VOT (Voices on Tape), which at that time were still used to designate all electronic contacts by whatever methods, were no longer adequate, and the term Instrumental Transcommunication (ITC) was proposed by him and generally accepted. The human longing to discover if there is something beyond physical death has been with us since the dawn of recorded history, and there are many indications that it was also in men’s minds even in pre-historic days. Dr Hernani Guimarães Andrade from Brazil, a leading investigator of all forms of psychical phenomena, and in particular of those relating to survival of physical death, gives a particularly comprehensive account in his A Transcomunicação Através dos Tempos (1997) of the various attempts made by humans across the centuries to contact a possible dimension of life beyond death. Abundant evidence pointing to the reality of this dimension has also been put forward by the many rigorous and methodical studies carried out by eminent researchers such as Ernesto Bozzano, Camille Flammarion, William Crookes, Oliver Lodge, Alan Gauld, David Fontana, François Brune, Nils Olof Jacobson and many others.

A brief historical account The evidence yielded by ITC is clearly a continuation and a development of that which has accumulated throughout recorded history, from early poltergeist activity to the mediumistic communications of modern times. Much of this accumulated evidence has supposedly originated with the deceased or with high entities of unknown origin and affiliation reported as being present in human history from primal times (Andrade, 1997). Unsurprisingly, the ability to perceive another level of reality does not seem to be confined to humans. Animals appear to manifest significant psychic capacity not only in their daily lives and tasks (e.g., Watson 1973, 1986; Sheldrake, 1999), they also seemingly display mediumistic capacities, acting as perceivers in the presence of deceased human and animal personalities and also as the subject of apparitions (Bozzano 1905, 1952; Flammarion 1911; Montandon 1943). In addition to the examples given in these references, a large number of similar cases have been described in great detail in journals such as Les Annales des Sciences Psychiques, the Proceedings and Journal of the SPR and the Revue Métapsychique, among others. Indeed, it seems that psychic perception is inseparable from life itself (Sheldrake, 1995), and it sometimes seems as if it is the human species that has been the greatest loser of this innate faculty. The findings of one of the world’s most eminent scientists, Professor Jagadis Chandra Bose, in his work with plants, would seem to substantiate this point (Bose, 1902, 1913, 1926). If a degree of perception of the extraordinary seems to be an intrinsic gift of nature—if largely latent in the human race―the evolution of methods for making us more aware of this gift appears to be largely in the hands of the communicators rather than ourselves. Since the middle of the 19th Century we have seen these methods evolve from poltergeist phenomena to physical phenomena, to mental phenomena, and most recently to the use of electronic media. (I am discounting the SuperESP hypothesis as an explanation for all these various developments, since it cannot be falsified [e.g., Fontana 2004; 2005; Gauld, 1982; Hart 1959].) ITC communications in their simpler EVP form (words or sentences inexplicably recorded on magnetic tapes or digital devices that can only be heard when the recording is rewound and played back) appeared spontaneously and almost simultaneously in the 1950s in Italy, Sweden and the USA. However, their occurrence had been seemingly predicted through mediumistic communication since the middle of the 19th century as a way of making the invisible reality more apparent to humans (Kardec, 1857). Later, a great deal of information about the nature of this future new method, which the communicators described as the result of intense work by groups of scientists in their world, was conveyed through a number of reputable mediums in precise and minute detail (Grandsire, 1998; Meek, 1987). The aim of this new method was reported as being to convey information about the next stages of life in the most objective way possible, free from the interference of human mental (cultural, social, ethnical, historical, etc.) patterns. From its initial phase in the 1960s, an extensive amount of extraordinary material, which included clear photos of deceased personalities, was received by several researchers in Continental Europe and elsewhere (Brune, 2005; Locher & Harsch 1989; Senkowski, 1995). Some of this information was claimed to be unknown to anybody present during the experiments concerned, and its validity was discovered by chance some time later. The communicators continued to insist upon the objective nature of ITC, and to assert that their aim was to attain direct contact with experimenters, free from interference by the mind of human mediums, in order to transmit accurate information on their world and life conditions.

ITC and mediumship The difficulties of speaking through the human mind and the distortion caused by using the human mind as a channel were emphasized by the invisible communicators on a number of occasions―among others by the purported communication of Frederic Myers through the automatic writing of Geraldine Cummins (Cummins, 1955). From Jürgenson’s and Raudive’s reports of their own contacts (Jürgenson 1964, 1967, 1968; Raudive, 1971) up to contacts received in recent years (e.g., by the Harsch-Fischbachs [Locher & Harsch, 1989], Adolf Homes [Senkowski, 1995] and myself [Cardoso, 2003, 2005, 2007]) we gather that the communicators have succeeded in dispensing with the traditional form of mediumship and can now channel the information in a much more accurate way, which was originally, according to their own explanations, what prompted them to design the new method.

What kind of evidence is provided by ITC? The basic evidence for survival provided by ITC takes the form of voices, images and texts recorded on electronic media by methods still inexplicable by modern science. These voices, which sound to the ear like human voices, are received on magnetic tapes or digital media using a method commonly called EVP or VOT. Alternatively, they emanate spontaneously from the loudspeaker of a radio (known as the Direct Radio Voices [DRV] method), usually in response to questions or comments by the human experimenter. Both EVP and DRV voices are supposedly produced by invisible communicators who for the most part identify themselves as deceased humans. The messages received by both means, but principally by DRV, that in some cases allow for lengthy dialogues, cover a large spectrum of information, some of it previously unknown to the experimenter, from the identification of the communicator and other deceased individuals to detailed descriptions of the next world and to high ethical teachings. ITC voices usually manifest in response to attempts at contact made by live human investigators, although the first known recordings of such voices that we have on record appeared spontaneously on the wire recording devices that preceded the modern tape recorder. The recipients were two very eminent Catholic priests and academics who had no thought of trying to contact the Beyond. On the 17th of September, 1952, they were in fact working with recordings of Gregorian chants in the Experimental Physics Laboratory of the Catholic University of Milan. Fathers Drs Agostino Gemelli (a medical doctor and nuclear physicist) and Pellegrino Ernetti (a Benedictine from the famous Abbey of Saint Giorgio Maggiore in Venice) pledged that they could recognize in those recordings the voice of Gemelli’s father, who supposedly addressed his son personally. Gemelli decided to make the matter the attention of Pope Pius XII. Interestingly, the Pope had a very positive reaction and reassured them on the nature of the occurrence, declaring, for the peace of mind of the two highly bewildered and preoccupied priests, “Do not worry Fathers, your experience has nothing in common with Spiritism, for tape recorders cannot be influenced. It can even mark the beginning of a new scientific study to confirm the faith in the Afterlife” (Brune, 2002). Since these initial contacts ITC communications have rapidly become well-established, and are currently producing an extensive range of impressive evidence for survival, providing us with objective phenomena of great value and significance in its own right, quite apart from its relevance to survival. Methods used by apparent communicators from the other world in the past were appropriate to the epochs concerned, and the same is now true of ITC. ITC is very well adapted to the technology of our time. Since communications were first received in the USA in 1956 by Attila von Szalay in collaboration with Raymond Bayless, and independently in the Spring of 1959 by Friedrich Jürgenson in Sweden, our civilization has quickly evolved into a technological society based principally upon electronics. Communications that I have received in the course of my own research, tell us that “there is another world, there is another way”. It seems that in our era, the medium through which they have chosen to give us details of this other world is chiefly ITC. They thus use the means and the language that characterize our modern world, namely the electronic media to which a large and ever growing majority of the population of the industrialized world have access in one form or another. The evidence provided through ITC appears to originate not only in the minds of invisible communicators but in communication ― the invisible communicators apparently can listen to (or comprehend in some way) questions and comments made by the human experimenters who seek to work with them. Moreover, the results are objective and to some extent repeatable and are available for examination by the scientific community and by all those with sufficient interest in the subject. These results therefore represent what is sometimes referred to as the Holy Grail of psychical research, namely a Permanent Paranormal Object (PPO), i.e. an object which is not transient and fleeting, as are most of the so-called paranormal phenomena, but which remains accessible for detailed testing and examination by believers and sceptics alike.

Some attempts to explain ITC phenomena and the inappropriateness of the means Much has been written and said in an attempt to explain ITC communications. For the conservative, predominantly Anglo-Saxon world of parapsychology, it seems to be a new form of mediumship, now channelled ―although unnecessarily in the opinion of some―through electronic media. In the minds of many of these researchers, the British in particular, the glorious days of the SPR―from the end of the 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century―seem to be ever present. This is certainly an understandable position because the founders of the SPR were men of great vision, intelligence and wisdom. Their groundbreaking activities represent perhaps the most important events in the history of psychical research. Their ability and courage in daring to break with the established modes of thinking and taboos, as well as with the social constraints typical of any era (which were particularly strong in their own time) are characteristics of great men and women, shared by very few of any race, nationality or creed. Unfortunately, their main aim of freeing the investigators’ minds seems to have lost its drive. Indubitably, the work they developed at the beginning of the 20th century was pioneering and mind boggling, yet a proposal that is outstandingly innovative at a certain time in history can easily become irremediably stagnant and obsolete one century later if it remains static. The same old methods may no longer be applicable as working tools to think about and examine phenomena and evidence that have taken a new shape. The evidence and the methods used to test it have to be compatible otherwise a serious disagreement, unbalance and the consequent failure of evaluation will inevitably occur.

Compatibility between evidence and methods Times have changed and with them findings indicative of survival of physical death have evolved. Currently the evidence integrates an overwhelming component of electronically mediated contact. Technology has developed impressively, too, and fortunately, some of the most advanced technology of our time can be used to further investigate such findings. ITC phenomena have produced a wealth of data in the form of anomalous direct radio voice communications, pictures, computer written texts and telephone calls purportedly from the deceased (Brune, 2005, 2006; Scott Rogo and Bayless, 1979; Senkowski, 1995). These data, indicative as they are of survival, can now be electroacoustically (and otherwise) fully tested and analysed using the same tools and methods that the scientific police of western countries select for their investigations (Gullà, 2005, 2007). Furthermore, much of the evidence can now be produced under strictly controlled conditions that defy normal explanations (e.g., Cardoso 2005; Fontana 2003, 2005; MacRae, 2004, 2005). The procedures enumerated below will vouch for the ‘purity’ of the evidence.

The controls In order to acquire their extraordinary status as Permanent Paranormal Objects the conditions under which ITC phenomena are obtained can also be controlled to a rigorous degree. The observer/investigator of the phenomenon can easily apply the following procedures (these apply mainly to magnetic tapes but the verification of digital or computer recordings is even easier):

Establish that no previously recorded tapes were introduced surreptitiously into the experimentation room. Ascertain that there are no voices or other misleading noises produced in the room or in its vicinity. Ascertain that there are no faint radio emissions produced by the radio (assuming that radio ‘white noise’ is the acoustic support used for the experiment). Tighten controls even further by insisting that power to all the electronic equipment being used is supplied by batteries or a generator instead of by the mains, because, although it is a technically complicated procedure, information can be intentionally transmitted through the electric cables from the mains. Finally, to exhaust all possibilities of spurious effects being taken for real ones, and although we are almost in the field of science-fiction, the investigator of the phenomenon can also check that there is no radio emitter hidden in the radio receiver of the experimenter that could transmit to the exterior his questions or comments, to an accomplice located in the vicinity, who by means of a radio receiver/transmitter could in his turn wire pertinent replies to the experimenter. This is of course an extreme precaution but if we want to be sure that there are absolutely no grounds to question the phenomenon, all possible precautions should be rigorously enforced. The detection of spurious radio waves is easily done with an isotropic detector of the Smart Field Meter type.

The controls described above are particularly important when dealing with the DRV method in view of the fact that it allows direct dialogues between communicators and researcher and thus provides the best evidence. As such, it is the subject of the most virulent attacks, doubts, speculation and awe. Using the controls detailed above it is comparatively easy to develop fraud-proof methods for use with other types of ITC contacts such as telephone calls, images, computer texts, etc., all of which will be dealt with in due course.

Available methods to test the evidence ITC messages represent permanent physical evidence because they are registered on material electronic recording devices that are both objective and durable. They can be listened to (or seen) and discussed under normal circumstances by the experimenter and or by other observers in the same way as normal recordings, and without prior preparation, ritual, inner disposition or knowledge of the subject. We deal with voices, images and text, recorded on magnetic or digital supports (recorders, computer hard disks or monitors, television sets, printers, etc.). This physical evidence can be copied in other supports, transported, and properly analyzed in a laboratory under the technical-scientific conditions used for normal material of the same nature. The testing methods now available to assess the evidence indicative of survival yielded by ITC have shifted. Rather than relying solely on the predominantly subjective and psychological perspectives that were adopted for the examination of evidence given by the very few mediums above any suspicion of fraud over a century ago (for example, Mrs Piper and Daniel Dunglas Home [Crookes, 1874; Hodgson, 1898]) the most advanced and sophisticated technology can be used―that which is used presently by Courts of Law and the police. Audio voices and video, camera or computer images can now be subjected to proper scientific tests to assess their ‘paranormality’ (Fernández, 2004; Gullà, 2003, 2005, 2007). Furthermore, these anomalous voices and images can be compared to the voices and photographs of the same people while alive. In an interview published in the ITC Journal (Issue 19, 2004) Daniele Gullà, a consultant on human voice and human image recognition to the Italian Courts of Justice and to the Italian scientific police, whose expertise is also requested by other European police forces, stated (in response to the questions put to him by the interviewer):

I: Is it possible to determine through a computer analysis if a voice is of human or paranormal origin? DG: Nowadays a computer analysis can tell us a lot or better, a very great deal indeed about the characteristics of a human or a ‘supposed paranormal’ voice. We can thoroughly reconstruct the physiological characteristics of the cavities of resonance and obtain information about the organs of speech with a computer simulation. We can for instance, know the dimensions and thickness of the vocal chords, the density of the soft tissues, of the nasal cavities, pressure of the air and structural malformations of the laryngeal cavity, etc. All this is possible under one essential condition—the quality and the quantity of the audio material must be very high in order to enable the measurement of the parameters above mentioned with a certain margin of certainty. These conditions are often present in the analyses of human voices but scarcely present in the purported paranormal voices, which often do not comply with the necessary requisites to perform a scientific, objective analysis. Therefore, I cannot reply to your question with precision since it depends on the quality and quantity of the audio material. In some cases, it is possible to affirm with certainty that in the vocal signal examined there are important structural elements pertaining to the human voice which are missing. In this case we speak in terms of ‘anomalies’ or ‘unusual’ acoustic characteristics which do not belong to the range of knowledge of traditional electro acoustics applied to the human language. I: If the compared voices we are speaking of were taken to Court would a judge accept them as proof that they belong to the same person? DG: In some cases, in reality very few (I have personally verified about ten) it was possible to reach definitive conclusions about the identification of the vocal timbre of the compared voice of a deceased person recorded while the person lived and the EVP voice. In many other cases we could only attain a probabilistic verdict, for instance the voices are compatible in a 60% or 80% rate, but it is not possible to guarantee the recognition of the identity of the speaker. As I said in a very small number of cases we achieved to undoubtedly establish the identity when the compatibility of the phonetic graphics exceeded 95% of accuracy.

Moreover, if the ITC evidence concerned is obtained under carefully controlled conditions, as we saw above, it now appears that little of major consequence remains to be done to determine the full extent of its anomalous characterization. Thus, it seems that we have in our hands hard and verifiable evidence for survival, which is perhaps the reason why the scientific community at large prefers to ignore its existence. The import of these facts should not be minimised. They raise the possibility that reliable contacts with an unknown dimension of reality may become a fact of daily life for all who choose to involve themselves in ITC activities. This would confirm the accuracy of Friedrich Jürgenson’s prediction about the likelihood of a “telephone to the beyond” in the near future. For the first time in history repeatable experiments become possible, leading to the establishment beyond doubt of the reality of the so-called paranormal (a term that I trust will then become obsolete). At present ITC phenomena cannot always be received on demand, although it is clear that they are repeated frequently all over the world under conditions that contain a number of similar characteristics. Another important point has to do with the almost identical (in some cases totally identical) content of the messages received by different experimenters in different parts of the world who have had no contact with each other. (Or with contacts that were announced to one experimenter in one specific country through DRV, for instance, to take place at a different experimenter’s studio in another country through a different method such as psychoimages, computer texts or telephone communications, for example.) A number of such cases have been reported and were witnessed by reliable personalities, many of them of relevant academic background (Brune, 2005, 2006; Senkowski, 1995). In my own case the group of communicators who regularly speak with me have spoken to other experimenters, in other countries, who are not connected to me. These voices apparently have the same acoustic characteristics and the same unmistakable identification “Rio do Tempo” (Timestream) pronounced in Portuguese (Cardoso, 2007).

Conclusion It is true that even with these impressive characteristics it is impossible finally to prove the transcendental origin of ITC communications. However, the communicators insist that they are deceased. They give us details of their lives on Earth, and thanks to modern technology their voices and images can be compared with their voices and images recorded whilst they were alive. (Recent results of such comparisons have in some cases revealed a 99% probability that they are indeed of the same person, significantly higher than the 95% level of probability demanded by a Court of Law [Gullà, 2005, 2007].) We can therefore legitimately assume that survival is a fact, although a final demonstration of its reality may perhaps never be within our reach.

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