Thermometers, infrared temperature guns, and thermal cameras do not all measure the same thing. Air temperature, surface temperature, and thermal imaging each need different interpretation.

Drafts, HVAC, open doors, windows, damp walls, missing insulation, pipes, exterior temperature, body heat, reflective surfaces, and device distance can all create temperature or thermal contrast.

Document the tool used, distance, angle, surface type, baseline readings, weather, airflow, and nearby heat sources. A cold area is a starting point for investigation, not a conclusion.